http://www.gilearn.org GI LEARN - Suggested Readings en-us Copyright 2012 AGA sreed@gastro.org sreed@gastro.org (Steven Reed) GI LEARN http://www.gilearn.org Sun, 05 Feb 2012 00:00:00 EST <p>Cirrhosis is a prevalent and expensive condition. With an increasing emphasis on quality in health care and recognition of inconsistencies in the management of patients with cirrhosis, we established a set of explicit quality indicators (QIs) for their treatment.</p> http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565%2810%2900338-1/abstract Fri, 06 Aug 2010 22:00:00 EST http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565%2810%2900338-1/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Race has been shown to be a factor in the response to therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and limited data suggest that ethnic group may be as well; however, Latinos and other ethnic subpopulations have been underrepresented in clinical trials. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/360/18/1907 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/360/18/1907 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) He had been in his usual state of health until 4 a.m. on the day of admission, when he awoke with a feeling of abdominal fullness, nausea, and rectal urgency. He passed a mixture (estimated volume, 0.7 liter) of bright-red blood and soft stool through the rectum. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/360/12/1239 Thu, 19 Mar 2009 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/360/12/1239 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) The first fact relates to the preeminence, in skeletal acquisition and maintenance, of a signaling pathway consisting of the mammalian homologue of wingless in drosophila (Wnt), Lrp5 or Lrp 6, and ?-catenin. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/360/10/957 Thu, 05 Mar 2009 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/360/10/957 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Adalimumab is a second generation humanized anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibody with established efficacy in Crohn's disease (CD). http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121575404/abstract Sun, 01 Mar 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121575404/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Certolizumab pegol is the third anti-TNF agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121637829/abstract Sun, 01 Mar 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121637829/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) To determine the efficacy, impact on quality of life (QOL) and safety of prucalopride, a selective, high-affinity 5-HT4 receptor agonist, in patients with chronic constipation. http://gut.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/58/3/357 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 22:00:00 EST http://gut.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/58/3/357 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) With greater use of immunomodulators in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), it is uncertain whether concurrent therapy with both 5-aminosalicylic acid [5-ASA, mesalazine (mesalamine)] and an immunomodulator is necessary. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121561078/abstract Sun, 01 Mar 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121561078/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) The possible advantage for weight loss of a diet that emphasizes protein, fat, or carbohydrates has not been established, and there are few studies that extend beyond 1 year. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/360/9/859 Thu, 26 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/360/9/859 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) No medical condition has generated as many dietary remedies as obesity. All diets have their followers, but hard data on the efficacy of the diets are scarce. Thu, 26 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) As many as a quarter of Americans suffer a foodborne illness each year - though only a fraction of those cases get linked to high-profile outbreaks like the recent salmonella-peanut scare, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29285754/print/1/displaymode/1098/ Thu, 19 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29285754/print/1/displaymode/1098/ gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Physicians frequently prescribe medications for weight loss but offer minimal lifestyle counseling despite the additional benefits of combining both interventions. http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/abstract/150/4/255 Tue, 17 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/abstract/150/4/255 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) The causes of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are poorly understood, despite having been defined many decades ago on the basis of their clinical manifestations. Stress in the endoplasmic reticulum is caused by the accumulation of unfolded nascent proteins in the lumen under adverse cellular conditions. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/360/7/726 Thu, 12 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/360/7/726 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy plus the anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody bevacizumab is standard first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/360/6/563 Thu, 05 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/360/6/563 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) During the past few years, the outlook for patients with colorectal cancer has brightened considerably. Fluorouracil, an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (and therefore DNA synthesis), was until recently the only effective systemic treatment for this disease. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/360/6/623 Thu, 05 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/360/6/623 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Liver transplantation improves survival of patients with end-stage (Child–Pugh stage C) alcoholic cirrhosis, but its benefit for patients with stage B disease is uncertain. http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/abstract/150/3/153 Tue, 03 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/abstract/150/3/153 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Liver transplantation improves survival of patients with end-stage (Child–Pugh stage C) alcoholic cirrhosis, but its benefit for patients with stage B disease is uncertain. http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/abstract/150/3/153 Tue, 03 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/abstract/150/3/153 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) The GLOBE trial has compared the efficacy and safety of telbivudine versus lamivudine treatment over 2 years in patients with chronic hepatitis B. http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01861-1/abstract Sun, 01 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01861-1/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Effective treatments for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) are lacking. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121500282/abstract Sun, 01 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121500282/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Chronic constipation may result in disabling symptoms, is often unsatisfactorily treated by laxatives and negatively impacts quality of life (QoL). http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121536722/abstract Sun, 01 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121536722/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported an 80% decline in the incidence of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the United States between 1987 and 2004, which is largely attributed to increased use of the highly safe and effective HBV vaccine. http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)02195-1/abstract Sun, 01 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)02195-1/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Hepatitis C continues to be a major public health problem affecting approximately 3% of the global population. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 170 million people have chronic hepatitis C. http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(08)00778-7/abstract Sun, 01 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(08)00778-7/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Crohn's disease commonly recurs after intestinal resection. We evaluated whether the administration of infliximab after resective intestinal surgery for Crohn's disease reduces postoperative recurrence. http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01889-1/abstract Sun, 01 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01889-1/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Crohn’s disease (CD) encompasses a multisystem group of disorders with specific clinical and pathological features characterized by focal, asymmetric, transmural, and, occasionally, granulomatous in ammation primarily a ecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19174807 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19174807 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), manifested by symptoms or mucosal damage attributed to the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, is a very common clinical problem. http://www.nature.com/ajg/journal/v104/n2/abs/ajg200823a.html Sun, 01 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.nature.com/ajg/journal/v104/n2/abs/ajg200823a.html gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) To determine the therapeutic equivalence and safety of once daily (OD) versus three times daily (TID) dosing of a total daily dose of 3 g Salofalk (mesalazine) granules in patients with active ulcerative colitis. http://gut.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/58/2/233 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://gut.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/58/2/233 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Over the past 10 - 15 years, a distinctive clinicopathologic type of esophagitis has emerged, termed eosinophilic esophagitis (EOE), which is characterized by in ux of numerous eosinophils as the predominant morphologic manifestation of the disease process. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19174804 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19174804 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Clopidogrel (Plavix), which prevents arterial thrombosis by inhibiting platelet activation, is commonly prescribed (usually with aspirin) for months after acute coronary syndromes and stent implantation. Whether omeprazole or other PPIs could interfere with the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel enough to increase the incidence of cardiovascular events after coronary stenting is unclear. Sun, 01 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Romiplostim (Nplate – Amgen), a recombinant fusion protein injected subcutaneously, and eltrombopag (Promacta – GlaxoSmithKline), a non-peptide taken orally, have been approved by the FDA for treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) refractory to corticosteroids, immunoglobulins and/or splenectomy. http://www.find-health-articles.com/rec_pub_19197233-two-new-drugs-chronic-itp.htm Sun, 01 Feb 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.find-health-articles.com/rec_pub_19197233-two-new-drugs-chronic-itp.htm gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Hepatitis B is a major cause of liver disease worldwide, ranking as a substantial cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The development and use of a vaccine for hepatitis B virus (HBV) has resulted in a substantial decline bin the number of new cases of acute hepatitis B among children, adolescents, and adults in the United States. http://consensus.nih.gov/2008/statementhepb.html#abstract Tue, 20 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST http://consensus.nih.gov/2008/statementhepb.html#abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Colonoscopy is advocated for screening and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC), but randomized trials supporting the benefit of this practice are not available. Tue, 06 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Difficult to detect and investigate, these recognized outbreaks indicate a wider and growing problem as health care is increasingly provided in outpatient settings in which infection control training and oversight may be inadequate. http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/abstract/150/1/33 Tue, 06 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/abstract/150/1/33 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Upper-gastrointestinal haemorrhage is a frequent reason for hospital admission. Although most risk scoring systems for this disorder incorporate endoscopic findings, the Glasgow-Blatchford bleeding score (GBS) is based on simple clinical and laboratory variables; a score of 0 identifi es low-risk patients who might be suitable for outpatient management. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(08)61769-9/abstract Sat, 03 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(08)61769-9/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Collagenous colitis, and the related condition lymphocytic colitis, are relatively common causes of watery diarrhoea, particularly in the elderly. Epidemiological studies suggest that the incidence of these conditions is increasing significantly. http://gut.bmj.com/cgi/content/extract/58/1/3 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST http://gut.bmj.com/cgi/content/extract/58/1/3 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habit for at least 3 months. With this publication, an American College of Gastroenterology Task Force updates the 2002 Monograph on IBS in light of new data. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Azathioprine (AZA) withdrawal in Crohn's disease after long-term remission under treatment is controversial. In a Groupe d'Etude Thérapeutique des Affections Inflammatoires du tube Digestif randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the hypothesis that AZA withdrawal was not inferior to AZA continuation in patients in prolonged clinical remission could not be shown. http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(08)00903-8/abstract Thu, 01 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(08)00903-8/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) The optimal treatment for patients with suspected biliary dyskinesia is controversial. Some studies found that cholecystectomy produced symptomatic improvement in patients with gallbladder dyskinesia (diagnosed by low gallbladder ejection fraction) while others found no significant benefit. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160318?dopt=Abstract Thu, 01 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160318?dopt=Abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) The development of fistulas in patients with Crohn’s disease is an important feature of this chronic disorder that is often troublesome both for the patient and for the gastroenterologist, particularly because treatment options are limited. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Substantial physician workload and high costs are associated with the treatment of dyspepsia in primary health care. Despite the availability of consensus statements and guidelines, the most cost-effective empirical strategy for initial management of the condition remains to be determined. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) <p>To summarize and compare the safety and efficacy of endoscopic and surgical treatments for esophageal achalasia.</p> http://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2009&issue=01000&article=00009&type=abstract Thu, 01 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST http://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2009&issue=01000&article=00009&type=abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon. MLN-02 is a synthetic antibody that blocks the adhesion and migration of white blood cells into the gut, reducing intestinal inflammation. http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab007571.html Thu, 01 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab007571.html gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) No randomized controlled trial has compared laparoscopic sigmoid resection (LSR) to open sigmoid resection (OSR) for symptomatic diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. http://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Abstract/2009/01000/Laparoscopic_Sigmoid_Resection_for_Diverticulitis.8.aspx Thu, 01 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST http://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Abstract/2009/01000/Laparoscopic_Sigmoid_Resection_for_Diverticulitis.8.aspx gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Chronic constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder with limited treatment options. Oral administration of linaclotide, a novel peptide agonist of guanylate cyclase-C receptors, has been shown in animal studies to stimulate intestinal fluid secretion and transit. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Chronic constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder with limited treatment options. Oral administration of linaclotide, a novel peptide agonist of guanylate cyclase-C receptors, has been shown in animal studies to stimulate intestinal fluid secretion and transit. http://www.nature.com/ajg/journal/v104/n1/full/ajg200859a.html Thu, 01 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.nature.com/ajg/journal/v104/n1/full/ajg200859a.html gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Patients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria (single tumour ?5 cm in size or ?3 tumours each ?3 cm in size, and no macrovascular invasion) have an excellent outcome. However, survival for patients with cancers that exceed these criteria remains unpredictable and access to transplantation is a balance of maximising patients' chances of cure and organ availability. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(08)70284-5/abstract Thu, 01 Jan 2009 22:00:00 EST http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(08)70284-5/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Two inflammatory disorders, type 1 diabetes and celiac disease, cosegregate in populations, suggesting a common genetic origin. Since both diseases are associated with the HLA class II genes on chromosome 6p21, we tested whether non-HLA loci are shared. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/359/26/2767 Sun, 28 Dec 2008 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/359/26/2767 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Variation in the fat mass and obesity–associated (FTO) gene has provided the most robust associations with common obesity to date. However, the role of FTO variants in modulating specific components of energy balance is unknown. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/359/24/2558 Thu, 11 Dec 2008 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/359/24/2558 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) A diagnosis of hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) had been made in infancy. The hemophilia was manifested by multiple hemarthroses, was treated with multiple transfusions of blood products and clotting factors, and was complicated by hepatitis C infection (genotype 1a). Two years before admission, a liver biopsy revealed chronic hepatitis with a score of 3 for portal activity and a score of 2 for lobular activity, with bridging fibrosis and no cirrhosis. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/359/24/2587 Thu, 11 Dec 2008 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/359/24/2587 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Observational and epidemiologic data indicate that the use of aspirin reduces the risk of colorectal neoplasia; however, the effects of aspirin in the Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer) are not known. Resistant starch has been associated with an antineoplastic effect on the colon. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/359/24/2567 Thu, 11 Dec 2008 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/359/24/2567 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) <p>The hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes chronic infection in approximately 400 million people in the world. Most carriers of chronic HBV, including Asians, Africans, and a proportion of persons in Mediterranean countries, acquire the infection at birth or within the first 1 to 2 years after birth.1 It is estimated that 50% of male carriers and 14% of female carriers will eventually die of the complications of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.</p> Thu, 04 Dec 2008 22:00:00 EST gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) In patients with chronic hepatitis C who do not have a response to antiviral treatment, the disease may progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/359/23/2429 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/359/23/2429 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) is a nucleotide analogue and a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/359/23/2442 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/359/23/2442 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Alcoholic hepatitis is a cause of major morbidity and mortality that lacks effective therapies. Both experimental and clinical evidence indicate that the multifunctional cytokine tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) contributes to pathogenesis and clinical sequelae of alcoholic hepatitis. http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01669-7/abstract Mon, 01 Dec 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01669-7/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is among the most common causes of acute liver failure in the United States, accounting for approximately 13% of cases. A prospective study was begun in 2003 to recruit patients with suspected DILI and create a repository of biological samples for analysis. This report summarizes the causes, clinical features, and outcomes from the first 300 patients enrolled. http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01674-0/abstract Mon, 01 Dec 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01674-0/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Weight loss is important for reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes in individuals with obesity and impaired glucose homeostasis as well as improving dyslipidemia and reducing blood pressure. Mon, 01 Dec 2008 22:00:00 EST gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) To determine in a noninferiority study whether mesalamine foam is as effective as mesalamine liquid enema for inducing clinical remission in patients with active left-sided ulcerative colitis (UC). http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121543259/abstract Mon, 01 Dec 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121543259/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) The concept of early diagnosis is a very challenging one in chronic pancreatitis. The development of easily identifiable chronic pancreatitis may take many years. Mon, 01 Dec 2008 22:00:00 EST gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Selective blockade of lymphocyte–vascular endothelium interactions in the gastrointestinal tract is a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease. This randomized, double-blind, controlled trial assessed the efficacy and safety of MLN0002, a monoclonal antibody targeting integrin, in patients with active Crohn's disease. http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(08)00617-4/abstract Mon, 01 Dec 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(08)00617-4/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) To determine the effect of fibre, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/337/nov13_2/a2313 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/337/nov13_2/a2313 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the small intestine and colon. The prevalence of CD in North America is estimated at 144.4 –198.5 cases per 100,000 persons. http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01409-1/abstract Sat, 01 Nov 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01409-1/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) To compare the effect of enteral vs parenteral nutrition in patients with severe acute pancreatitis for clinically relevant outcomes. http://archsurg.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/143/11/1111?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=Enteral+Nutrition&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT Sat, 01 Nov 2008 22:00:00 EST http://archsurg.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/143/11/1111?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=Enteral+Nutrition&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause lower gastrointestinal (GI) clinical events such as bleeding. http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01407-8/abstract Sat, 01 Nov 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01407-8/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Oral budesonide effectively induces clinical remission in patients with collagenous colitis, a debilitating illness characterized by chronic watery/loose diarrhea, but there is a high rate of relapse after treatment cessation. http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01457-1/abstract Sat, 01 Nov 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01457-1/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Oral Silibinin (SIL) is widely used for treatment of hepatitis C, but its efficacy is unclear. Substantially higher doses can be administered intravenously (IV). http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01412-1/abstract Sat, 01 Nov 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01412-1/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Stool DNA testing is a new approach to colorectal cancer detection. Few data are available from the screening setting. http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/abstract/149/7/441 Tue, 07 Oct 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/abstract/149/7/441 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Reports of successful antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection appeared three decades ago,1 and during the past decade, progress has accelerated dramatically. Along with progress, however, has come complexity. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/359/14/1486 Thu, 02 Oct 2008 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/359/14/1486 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) The purpose of this study was to analyze long-term recurrence rates and complications in patients previously enrolled in a prospective randomized trial comparing laparoscopic (LC) and open ileocolectomy (OC) for ileocolic Crohn’s disease (CD). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18847647 Wed, 01 Oct 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18847647 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease for which there is limited therapy available. http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01101-3/abstract Wed, 01 Oct 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01101-3/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) More than 80% of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients undergoing resection suffer recurrence of their disease. http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01318-8/abstract Wed, 01 Oct 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)01318-8/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Computed tomographic (CT) colonography is a noninvasive option in screening for colorectal cancer. However, its accuracy as a screening tool in asymptomatic adults has not been well defined. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/359/12/1207 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/359/12/1207 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) About 123 million people are infected by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. In Western Europe, the prevalence of chronic HCV infection varies from about 0.1% in the North to 1% of the population in the South and ranges from 0.4 to 4.9% in Eastern Europe. http://pt.wkhealth.com/pt/re/alpt/abstract.00001716-200809060-00008.htm Mon, 01 Sep 2008 22:00:00 EST http://pt.wkhealth.com/pt/re/alpt/abstract.00001716-200809060-00008.htm gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) It is well established that patients with chronic, extensive ulcerative colitis have an increased risk of developing colonic epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma. http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(08)00295-4/abstract Mon, 01 Sep 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(08)00295-4/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Patients with diverticular disease are frequently advised to avoid eating nuts, corn, popcorn, and seeds to reduce the risk of complications. However, there is little evidence to support this recommendation. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/300/8/907 Wed, 27 Aug 2008 22:00:00 EST http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/300/8/907 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) The purpose of our study was to prospectively compare the success rate and diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance elastography, ultrasound elastography, and aspartate aminotransferase to platelets ratio index (APRI) measurements for the noninvasive staging of fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)00572-6/abstract Tue, 01 Jul 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(08)00572-6/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) There has been controversy concerning the merits of enteral and parenteral nutrition compared with no supplementary nutrition in the management of patients with acute pancreatitis. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120696631/abstract Tue, 01 Jul 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120696631/abstract gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Identification of patients at risk for mortality early in the course of acute pancreatitis (AP) is an important step in improving outcome. Sun, 01 Jun 2008 22:00:00 EST gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) The hepatopulmonary syndrome is characterized by a defect in arterial oxygenation induced by pulmonary vascular dilatation in the setting of liver disease1; patients of all ages can be affected. This clinical syndrome has three components: liver disease, pulmonary vascular dilatation, and a defect in oxygenation. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/358/22/2378 Thu, 29 May 2008 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/358/22/2378 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Constipation is a distressing side effect of opioid treatment. As a quaternary amine, methylnaltrexone, a ?-opioid–receptor antagonist, has restricted ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/358/22/2332 Thu, 01 May 2008 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/358/22/2332 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Chronic hepatitis B and C affect 9% of the world population; of these approximately 500 million people, 6% have chronic hepatitis B and 3% have chronic hepatitis C. http://www.current-reports.com/article_frame.cfm?PubID=GR10-1-1-11 Fri, 01 Feb 2008 22:00:00 EST http://www.current-reports.com/article_frame.cfm?PubID=GR10-1-1-11 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Overweight and obese persons are at increased risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease. An association between body-mass index (BMI) - the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters - and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease in persons of normal weight has not been demonstrated. Thu, 01 Jun 2006 22:00:00 EST gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Primary biliary cirrhosis is a slowly progressive autoimmune disease of the liver that primarily affects women. Its peak incidence occurs in the fifth decade of life, and it is uncommon in persons under 25 years of age. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/353/12/1261 Thu, 22 Sep 2005 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/353/12/1261 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Cirrhosis, most frequently caused by hepatitis C or alcoholism, was the 12th leading cause of death in the United States in 2000, accounting for more than 25,000 deaths. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/350/16/1646 Thu, 15 Apr 2004 22:00:00 EST http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/350/16/1646 gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem and a leading cause of chronic liver disease. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that there are more than 2.7 million people with ongoing HCV infection. Thu, 01 Apr 2004 22:00:00 EST gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN) Azathioprine (1.0 to 2.5 mg/day) used among patients with non-active Crohn's disease is effective for reducing the risk of disease recurrence over a 6 month to 2 year period. Higher doses of azathioprine (2.5 mg/day) are more effective than lower doses (1.0 or 2.0 mg/day) for preventing disease recurrence. http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab000067.html Thu, 01 Jan 1998 22:00:00 EST http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab000067.html gilearn@gastro.org (GI LEARN)